1) TYPE OF HOUSING STOCK

Majority of the housing units in Badin district i.e. 81.82 percent are one room houses. The percentage in rural areas is higher at 84.38 as compared to urban areas at 65.85 percent. Housing units with 2-4 rooms are 17.55 percent in the district which are two times higher at 32.53 percent in urban areas as compared to 15.14 percent in rural areas.

Since most of the housing units are one room houses as such rooms per housing units have been reported as 1.3 in the district, quite low at 1.2 in rural areas and 1.5 in urban areas. Persons per housing unit was 5.3 and persons per room 4.08 in the district. The trend of both of these indicators does not vary much in rural and urban areas. Table 3.1 gives the indices of congestion in 1998 housing census.  

TABLE: INDICES OF CONGESTION IN 1998

Nature of Tenure

According to 1998 housing census, 89.25 percent of the housing units in the district are owned houses which vary for rural and urban areas at 90.65 and 80.55 percents respectively. The percentage of rent free houses is 9.1, in the district, almost at par in rural and urban areas. Table 3.2 gives details of nature of tenure by rural/urban areas.

TABLE: NATURE OF TENURE BY RURAL/URBAN 1998  

Period of Construction

A percentage of 36.77 of the owned housing units enumerated in 1998 housing census were built more than 10 years earlier, 29.92 percent during the last 5-10 years and 31.54 percent during last five years. Only 1.77 percent of the total houses were under construction. A similar trend prevails in rural areas whereas in urban areas a highest percentage of 52.28 housing units were found built more than 10 years earlier leaving the periods 5-10 years and less than 5 years at 21.38 percent and 23.55 percents respectively. Only 2.48 percent housing units were found under construction.

Construction Material of Outer Walls

Wood/Bamboo has been used in 55.30percent housing for the constructions of their outer walls. It has mainly used at 60.11

TABLE: MATERIAL USED IN OUTER WALLS BY RURAL.URBAN 1998 (PERCENTAGE)

Construction Material of Roofs

More than 80 percent of the housing units have used wood/Bamboo in the construction of roofs in the district. It has predominantly been used at 84.65 percent housing units in rural areas as compared to 51.24 percent in urban areas. There were only 7.36 percent housing units using cement/iron sheet, obviously higher in urban areas at 15.19 percent as against only 6.10 percent in rural areas. As low as 5.94 percent of housing units are bonded with RCC/RBC roof in the district. Its percentage is much higher at 27.26 in urban against to only 2.51 percent in rural areas. About 7 percent housing units have used unspecified category of material for the construction of roofs in the district with almost same percentage in urban as well as in rural areas. Table 3.4 gives details of material used in construction of roof.  

TABLE: MATERIAL USED IN ROOFS BY RURAL/ARBAN 1998

2) HOUSING FACILITES

Source of Drinking Water

The easy access to potable/safe drinking water of the basic human needs. As per information gathered in 1998 housing census, the facility of piped water inside the house is available at 13.00 percent of the housing units in the district. It is much higher in urban areas at 46.12 percent compared to only 7.68 percent in rural areas. Hand pump inside the houses is also fairly being used at 15.73 percent of the housing units, almost double at 25.99 percent in urban areas as compared to 14.03 percent in rural areas.

Hand pump, well and pond are almost equally being used as source of drinking water outside the housing units in the district as well as in rural areas. Use of well outside the houses negligible at 1.16 percent in urban areas. A majority of the housing units at 34.18 percent are using other sources of drinking water outside the houses. Table 3.5 provides percentage of source of drinking water inside/outside of housing units by rural/urban.

TABLE: HOSUING UNITS (PERCENTAGE) BY SOURCE OF DRINKING WATER, AND RURAL/URBAN, 1998.

Source of Lighting

The major source of lighting is kerosene oil which is available to 63.44 percent of the housing units in the district. Its use is much higher at 70.04 percent in rural areas as compared to only 22.39 in urban areas. Second higher source of lighting is electricity available to 35.14 percent of housing units, about three times more at 76.29 percent in urban areas in contrast to 28.52 percent in rural areas. Table 3.6 provides percentage of housing units by source of lighting.

TABLE: HOSUING UNITS (PERCENTAGE) BY SOURCE OF LIGHTING AND RURAL/URBAN, 1998.

COOKING FUEL USED

More than 90 percent of the housing units in the district were using wood as cooking fuel, more in rural areas at 93.64 percent as compared to 72.70 percent in urban areas. Kerosine oil is being used by 3.57 percent housing units, more or less with same percentage for rural and urban areas. Only 3.40 percent housing units area availing facility of gas in the district, higher at 21.97 percent in urban areas as compared to quite negligible 0.41 percent in rural areas. Table3.7 provides percentage of housing units by source of cooking fuel used.

TABLE: HOUSE UNITS (PERCENTAGE) BY SOURCE OF COOKING FUEL USED RURAL/URBAN, 1998

Availability of Separate Kitchen, Bathroom and Latrine Facilities

More than 26 percent housing units in the district have separate kitchen, fairly high at 40.81 percent in urban areas compared to its half at 23.88 percent in rural areas. Facility of shared kitchen is also being availed by 24.91 percent of the housing units in the district, almost with the same percentages in rural and urban areas. About 49 percent of the housing units have none of the kitchen facilities in the district.

Separate bathroom facility is available to as low as 24.77 percent of housing units in the district with 22.16 and 41.00 percents in rural and urban areas respectively. Slightly higher than 57 percent housing units have reported none of the bathroom facility available in the district. The percentage of shared bathroom at 32.07 is also higher in urban areas as compared to 15.66 percent in rural areas.

Separate latrine facility is available to 27.46 percent housing units with 24.64 percent in rural areas and almost its double at 45 percent in urban areas. Only 15.92 percent housing units are using shared latrine facility, with a higher share at 33.93 percent in urban areas as compared to 13.03 percent in rural areas. About 57 percent housing units have reported non of the latrine facility available in the district. This figure is much higher at 62.33 percent in rural areas as compared to 21.07 percent in urban areas.

TABLE: HOUSE UNITS (PERCENTAGE) BY SOURCE OF COOKING FUEL USED RURAL/URBAN, 1998

Source of Information

The question about source of information has been asked for the first time in the 1998 population census to assess the media coverage. About 26 percent of the housing units have access to radio with the same figure in rural and slightly higher at 29.92 percent in urban areas. The coverage of TV and newspaper in urban areas is much higher at 41.38 and 32.37 percents respectively. Table 3.9 provides the data regarding source of information.

TABLE: PERCENTAGE OF HOUSEHOLDS BY SOURCE OF INFORMATION AND RURAL/URBAN, 1998