4) MIGRATION

Migration data covers movement of population in terms of shifting the residence from one district to another in the same province or from one province to another. It does not cover persons who changed their place of residence within their own district.

Life Time Migrants

The total in-migrant are 24112 i.e. 2.12 percent of the total population in the district. They are 67.93 percent in rural and 32.07 percent in urban areas. The male and female in-migrants are 49.20 and 50.80 percents respectively. The persons who have migrated into the district during the last 5 years i.e. after March, 1993 are 40.23 percent, while 14.12 percent had migrated before 5 years but after 1988. The remaining 45.65 percent had migrated 10 years earlier.

Out of total in-migrants, 12.91 percent migrated into the district as a result of marriage, 53.90 percent moved with head, 10.69 percent due to business and 4.28 percent on account of employment/transfer, 18.21 percent migrated for other reasons.

More than 64 percent of the life-time migrants belong to Sindh with almost same percentages in rural and urban areas. Migrants from Punjab are 15.15 percent, more in rural areas at 17.25 percent compared to 10.72 percent in urban areas. The percentages of migrants from N.W.F.P., Baluchsitan and AJK/NA are quite negligible. Persons who have emigrated from other countries are 6.30 percent, more in urban areas at 10.46 percent as against only 4.34 percent in rural areas. A percentage of 9.10 had not reported their previous place of residences. Table 2.8 provides the percentages of in migrants of the district.

TABLE: MIGRANT FROM OTHER PROVINCE/WITHIN PROVINCE BY RURAL/URBAN, 1998

5) ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS

Economically Active Population

Economically active population comprises the persons of either sex who are engaged in some work for pay or profit including un-paid family helpers. Not working but looking for work as well as those laid off. During the reference period. The economically active population in the district is 17.96 percent of its total population and 26.85 present of the population aged 10 years and above. The percentage of children below 10 years is 33.11 while 5.70 percent are students and 11.30 percent all others. Among the inactive population 3.93 percent are domestic workers in the district. The activity or participation rates. Percentage of population by economic categories and unemployment rates are shown in table 2.9 below.

TABLE: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION BY ECONOMIC CATEGORIES, SEX AND RURAL/URBAN AREAS, 1998

The percentage of economically active population to the total population is termed as crude activity or participation rate while the percentage among population aged 10 years and above is called refined activity or participation rate.

The refined participation or activity rate has been used for analysis purpose. There is a wide variation in activity rates between males and females as it is 48.38 percent for males as compared to quite negligible 2.65 percent for females resulting in an overall low participation rate. A similar trend in respect of males and females have occurred both in rural and urban areas. The activity rates between rural/urban differ as it is 25.91 percent in rural areas as against 31.42 percent in urban areas.

Un-Employment

The un-employment rate is the percentage of un-employed persons ( those not working but looking for work and laid off ) to the total economically active population in the district. A high rate un-employment at 13.61 percent has been recorded in the district. It varies for males and females as well as for rural and urban areas. The un-employment rate for males is high as 14.16 percent as compared to only 2.22 percent for females. Unemployment rate is surprisingly at par at 13.64 percent in rural and 13.47 percent in urban areas. It however widely differs in respect of male and females in rural and urban areas. It is 14.07 percent for males in comparison to 3.04 percent for females in rural areas. In urban areas it is 14.57 percent for males as compared to quite insignificant 0.57 percent for females.

Employed Population by Occupation

Of the real employed population in the district, 65.86 percent is in the major occupation group-6 "skilled agricultural and fishery workers". Most of the employed population in this group has been located in rural areas at 80.40 percent. The next higher occupation group at 20.15 percent is of "elementary occupation" in the district with a higher percentage of 49.37 in urban areas.

The pattern of occupational status varies significantly between rural and urban areas. In rural areas, most of the employed persons, 56.59 percent are associated with major group-6 "Skilled Agricultural and Fishery workers" followed by "elementary occupations" at 34.72 percent. In urban area, about 50 percent of the employed class, i.e. 49.37 percent is engaged in major occupation group-9 " elementary occupation" followed by "service workers and shop and market sales workers" at 13.81 percent.

Employed Population by Industry

Two third of the working population i.e., 65.82 percent is engaged in major divisions-1 .. agriculture, forestry, hunting and fishing .. most predominant in rural areas at 80.22 percent. A percentage of 11.27 has been reported as a second major division O "activities not adequately defined" it has also been reported as second major division both in urban and rural areas. A highest percentage at 28.40 of the working population is related with major division-9 "community, social and personal services"

Employed Population by Employment Status

About two third i.e., 63.62 percent of the employed population mostly in rural areas at 69.92 percent as compared to only 38.21 percent in urban areas. It is worth to mention that most of the self employed are males in the district as well as in rural and urban areas. The next important percentage are unpaid family helpers at 14.96 percent and private employees at 12.62 percent respectively. It is interesting to note that more than 77 percent among unpaid family helpers are females. The same has been reflected in rural and urban areas.

Among the employed population 6.38 percent are govt. employee, 3.76 percent in rural 16.94 percent in urban areas. Percentages of remaining two categories are quite negligible.

TABLE: EMPLOYED POPULATION BY EMPLOYMENT STATUS, SEX AND RURAL/URBAN AREAS, 1998.

6)IMMUNIZATION

The question about immunization has been included in the 1998 population census for the first time to evaluate the vaccination programme launched by the children below 10 years age have been reported as vaccinated with considerably higher percentage at 71.13 in urban areas. The percentages of those not known are quite at 40.80 in the district, 43.34 percent in rural and 26.76 percent in urban areas.

TABLE: PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION (LESS THAN 10 YEARS) BY

IMMUNIZATION, SEX AND RURAL/URBAN AREAS, 1998.

7) NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD

The question about identity national identity card was asked in the 1998 population census for the first time to see the coverage element of I.D. cards. The question about NIC was asked from population aged 18 years and above. According to the responses to the question it was found that 54.10 percent of population aged 18 years and above have obtained NIC. It was 34.62 percent for males and 19.48 percent of rural females. The variation by gender and area shows that 33.42 percent of rural males have obtained NIC as compared to 18.61 percent of females. The coverage in urban areas is however, higher at 40.61 percent of males as against 23.85 percent for females. Table 2.12 gives necessary details by sex and area.

TABLE: 2.12 PERCENTAGE OF POPULATION (18 YEARS AND ABOVE) HOLDINGNATIONAL IDENTITY CARD BY AGE, SEX AND RURAL/URBAN AREAS 1998.